Analysis of protocols from the think aloud group suggested that initial responses were based on a strategy of Retrieval from long term memory

Although the Alternative Uses divergent thinking task has been widely used in psychometric and experimental studies of creativity, the cognitive processes underlying this task have not been examined in detail before the two studies are reported here. In Experiment 1, a verbal protocol analysis study of the Alternative Uses task was carried out with a think aloud group (N = 40) and a silent control group (N=64). The groups did not differ in fluency or novelty of idea production indicating no verbal overshadowing. Analysis of protocols from the think aloud group suggested that initial responses were based on a strategy of Retrieval from long term memory of pre-known uses. Later responses tended to be based on a small number of other strategies: Property-use generation, imagined Disassembly of the target object into components and scanning of Broad Use categories for possible uses of the target item. Novelty of uses was particularly associated with the Disassembly strategy. Experiment 2 (N = 103) addressed the role of executive processes in generating new and previously known uses by examining individual differences in category fluency, letter fluency and divergent task performance. After completing the task participants were asked to indicate which of their responses were new for them. It was predicted and found in regression analyses that letter fluency (an executively loading task) was related to production of " new " uses and category fluency was related to production of " old " uses but not vice versa. 3 The ability to generate many different possible solutions to a problem is an important aspect of creative thinking and has been specifically addressed in the psychometric tradition by means of divergent thinking tests (Guilford, 1971; Guilford, Christensen, Merrifield & Wilson, 1978) in which participants are asked to generate as many alternative solutions as they can (Plucker & Renzulli, 1999). These tests contrast with convergent thinking tests in which there is but a single solution, e.g., Raven " s Matrices (1960) and other standard intelligence tests. The Alternative Uses task is a prototypical divergent task in which the goal is to generate many possible uses, different from the common use, for familiar objects. In this task, the responses produced may be completely novel for the individual; for example, with the target item " barrel " , a use as " a source of termite food " might be produced by a participant who had never before seen, …